• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention describes a machine formed by a frame in the form of a closed rectangular prism, and a top cover and a bottom cover that fit to the perimeter of the frame and seal it. The machine also comprises an intermediate cover having at least one opening made in the body thereof and configured to accommodate a flat sheet specimen with a non-stick coating. The machine can include a system of electrical resistors with adjustment and control of the temperature inside the machine, and a system with a floating cover to exert pressure inside a mould.
    公开号:ES2842025A2
    申请号:ES202090070
    申请日:2019-07-12
    公开日:2021-07-12
    发明作者:Vacas Guillermo Guerrero；Alabanda Oscar Rodríguez；Carrillo Pablo Romero；Valverde Miguel Angel Rodríguez；Vílchez Miguel Cabrerizo
    申请人:Universidad de Granada；Universidad de Cordoba；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] MACHINE FOR TESTING TESTS WHOSE SURFACE HAS AN ANTI-ADHESIVE COATING
    [0004] FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0006] The present invention consists of a machine that allows to carry out tests to measure the adhesion force and the work on flat test pieces covered with non-stick material that are put in contact with masses, foams or others, under conditions similar to those produced in the molds. to manufacture these products in industry.
    [0008] The preferred application of the present invention is destined to the field of food and more specifically in baking, and to the industrial field of the manufacture of polyurethane foams and its different production lines.
    [0010] STATE OF THE ART
    [0012] The problem solved by the present invention is related to the development of a machine or device that focuses on replicating the formation of solid or liquid products, among others, and pouring them into a closed container on which expansion, curing conditions are simulated. or baking of these products and, in this way, assess the adhesion of these masses, foams, liquids, or others, to the non-stick or non-stick coatings of some test tubes, usually flat, housed inside these molds. The specimens are strategically designed and housed to be extracted or detached and the detachment force and work can be assessed. The machine allows this process to be repeated cyclically and in this way to study the influence of wear, aging, friction, etc., due to the detachment effect and the physical effects of the solid-coating interaction. Additionally, the take-off force and work is measured through a dynamometric equipment external to the set.
    [0014] Non-stick coatings like any other coating have a shelf life. They wear out over time due to friction and fatigue. The main objective of the present invention is to design a machine that allows determining the loss of properties due to the repeated use of the effects of solids that are later transformed into foamed materials, masses, liquids or others, used on surfaces equipped with a non-stick agent. For this reason, it is a matter of establishing stable test conditions that allow us to assess the influence of the aging of the coatings due to the successive interaction between the solid (masses, foams) or liquid and the coating, after successive application and peeling cycles. The designed equipment allows to study the influence due only to the phenomenon of foaming, baking, curing that causes a certain level of adhesion between the solid and the coated surface.
    [0016] Due to their industrial interest, two particular applications are described: the adhesion of polyurethane foam (PUR) and the adhesion of bakery dough to non-stick coatings.
    [0018] On the one hand, polyurethane foam (PUR) is a synthetic and hard-plastic material, highly cross-linked and non-fusible, and the industrial production of this type of foam covers a wide range of applications that are part of our lives. Its use extends to all types of furniture in sofa and chair seats, padding padding, in the automotive sector as the main element of dashboards, seats, in cars, mattresses and in many other items such as toys, clothing, sponges, footwear, pillows, cushions, containers and in general all kinds of padding or fillings. The objective, among others, of the proposed invention is to assess the efficiency of all types of coatings applied to aluminum molds with or without a release agent for the detachment of PUR foams and / or any type of foam that has a tendency to stick. to the walls of a mold. In parallel, it can also be used to assess the efficiency of the release agents in the detachment of the polyurethane foam. The equipment allows to discriminate the efficiency of non-stick coatings from the point of view of the release of the PUR foams.
    [0020] On the other hand, the baking industry develops all kinds of supports, trays, molds, pieces, and others, which are designed to prevent the baked dough from sticking to metal substrates in the baking process. With this objective in mind, coatings have been developed since the 1950s that prevent the adhesion of these masses to substrates. Fluoropolymeric coatings, of the sol-gel type and some elastomers have been developed for this. These coatings are known as nonstick coatings. Well, in the same way that the utility of the invention for PUR foams has been described, a similar procedure is followed for use in bakery doughs. The present invention simulates the real situation that allows to assess the pressure and work of detachment of all kinds of baking dough poured on a mold and on which it will be cooked and, therefore, that adheres to the test tubes contained in it.
    [0022] Likewise, with the present machine a situation is simulated in which adhesion to non-stick coated substrates can be evaluated for any type of solid or liquid with a tendency to adhesion that can be contained in a closed mold.
    [0023] It is known that in this industrial sector paint adhesion tests or coatings are applied on substrates. Among the adhesion tests to the substrate are the lattice cutting tests, such as those set out in UNE EN ISO 2409, ASTM D3359 and DIN 53151, which are test methods to evaluate the resistance offered by paint coatings to be separated from their substrates when a square network of incisions is made in the coating so that it reaches the substrate. The rules establish the procedure for making the incisions and evaluating the results. Other standards with similar objectives such as ASTM D2197 propose a method that, by means of a punch of known hardness and geometry, assess the effort necessary to produce a break in the coating. What is intended to regulate with said regulations is a very different objective from the one set out in the present invention, since by means of the machine object of the present invention measurements are proposed to be able to assess the adhesion of the product to the coating and not to the substrate.
    [0025] Standards are also known to evaluate the tensile strength of a metallic specimen that is anchored to the coated substrate by means of an adhesive, for example, the ASTM D 4541 or ISO 4624 standards. The test principle consists in adhering a traction head or dolly. to the coating to be tested, with an adhesive of adequate quality. Once the test area has been isolated from the rest, by means of a knife, the dolly is pulled perpendicular to the surface to be tested and the result of the adhesive force is obtained.
    [0027] On the other hand, the non-stick ability or property of coatings or coatings could be another way to assess the adhesion of an organic coating. The problem is that this property, non-stick, is not a clearly established property that is difficult to quantify numerically. Different approaches have been developed to address a tailored approach to it. Among them is the patent ES2565566 that discloses a procedure and a device for obtaining useful data to quantitatively determine the non-stick capacity but that does not determine the adhesion force of the product on the coating, and the device totally differs from that set forth in the present invention since it is based on a structure that comprises a motor that, connected to a shaft, rotate the surface where they are made. the essays.
    [0029] It is also known what is disclosed in document US5041304 where the necessary means to calculate the non-stick capacity of a material are described, and which is based on analyzing the relationship that exists between the angle of inclination and the non-stick capacity of a material covered by three materials. different non-sticks.
    [0030] Finally, what is disclosed in document US4970893 is also known, which describes an apparatus for measuring the non-stick capacity of a liquid that is based on the measurement of the angle of inclination of a drop of water that is positioned in a horizontal plane that is rotated on a shaft until the drop begins to slide The rotation is activated by a motor and the angle is measured by a counter that is not an inclinometer.
    [0032] Taking these aspects into account, it can be seen that the problem of determining adhesion in a product is something that is not solved, and additionally, a machine, system or device that manages to simulate the conditions to determine said adhesion either. The present invention solves this problem, and proposes a machine with which it is possible to solve the technical problem of simulating the real situation of a product to determine the adherence on non-stick surfaces.
    [0034] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0036] The present invention proposes a machine with which it is possible to measure the adhesion force and the work on flat test pieces covered with non-stick material that are put in contact with masses or foams, under conditions similar to those produced in the molds to manufacture these. products in the industry.
    [0038] As previously advanced, no document is known in the prior state of the art that describes equipment or systems for measuring the adhesion force or work of solids that form foams, doughs, pasta or gels, etc. However, and due to the need to evaluate the efficiency of non-stick coatings subjected to continuous cycles of use, the present invention is proposed with which it is possible to evaluate the efficiency of the coatings, in this case through strength and take-off work necessary for the coated specimens to be separated from the masses or foams, which are produced inside the mold. Thus, the present invention proposes a novel and effective way to simulate the conditions necessary to analyze the detachment efficiency of a non-stick coating.
    [0040] The machine consists of a mold or container in the shape of a rectangular prism, which comprises a frame with three removable covers, one for the upper face, another for the lower face or base and another intermediate cover. Window-like openings are provided in the intermediate cover to accommodate one or more flat sheet metal specimens, one specimen for each opening. These specimens have one side coated with a non-stick coating. The intermediate lid is fitted to the frame of the container in such a way that the coated part is exposed on the inside of the container. The intermediate cap with the specimens is sealed by screwing with the upper cap. A product is poured into the mold. The container is then closed by the lower lid. The closure of the assembly ensures the sealing of the mold. The product poured into the machine box remains in contact with the flat sheets coated with non-stick. The product is cured in the box or internal part of the machine. The machine is opened through the upper cover and with a dynamometer the force and work to detach the non-stick coated sheet metal specimens in contact with the product from the mold is determined.
    [0042] Throughout the description and claims the word "comprise" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge in part from the description and in part from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention covers all the possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.
    [0044] For example, the present invention has the ability to regulate the temperature inside the mold. For this, electrical resistances are fixed to the walls of the frame by means of screws. The temperature of the mold is governed with a thermocouple connected to a temperature controller. The thermocouple is preferably fixed in the center of one of the covers of the device. The controller activates the heating elements until the target temperature is reached. The activation of the electrical resistances can be arranged before or during the foam generation process or dough inside the mold.
    [0046] Also, the present invention can generate a pressure inside the mold. Now, in addition to the outer covers and the intermediate cover, there is a floating intermediate cover that can move vertically and resting on the internal walls of the mold frame, in such a way that the tightness of the area under pressure is ensured. . This floating lid performs the push effect on the foam or dough that is in the molding, for which it has a pressure regulation valve and a pressure gauge that allows regulating the pressure between the lower closing lid and the floating lid.
    [0048] Additionally, in order to complete the description and to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of figures is presented in which the following is represented by way of illustration and not limitation:
    [0050] Figure 1.- shows an exploded view of the machine object of the present invention, where the essential components of said machine are shown.
    [0052] Figure 2.- shows a free perspective view of the assembled machine, in which the upper cover is uncovered and the specimens are not located and fixed on the intermediate cover.
    [0054] Figure 3.- shows the whole machine, according to the previous figures, in which the machine is completely closed.
    [0056] Figure 4.- schematically shows a sequence of use of the machine to measure the detachment force and work on the specimens.
    [0058] Figure 5.- shows an exploded view of the machine including a system of electrical resistances with regulation and control of temperature inside the mold.
    [0059] Figure 6.- shows a free perspective view of the machine with the electrical resistance system, according to the previous figure.
    [0061] Figure 7.- shows an exploded view of the machine including a system to exert pressure inside the mold, with the regulation devices.
    [0063] Figure 8.- shows a free perspective view of the machine with the system to exert pressure inside the mold, according to the previous figure.
    [0065] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODES OF REALIZATION
    [0066] The present invention proposes a machine, as can be seen in figure 1, comprising a frame (4), like a closed rectangular prism, and at least three covers, an upper cover (1) and a lower cover (2) , which perform the upper and lower closure of the frame (4), and an intermediate cover (3) configured to accommodate a plurality of specimens (11) with non-stick coating, the specimens being the ones that are going to be subjected to the tests according to the object of the present invention.
    [0068] As can be seen in said figures, the central body of the machine is formed by a frame (4) which in a particular way of manufacture has the shape of a rectangular prism and has been manufactured by the bolted connection of four laminated aluminum plates. In the upper and lower surface of the frame, a recess has been made in such a way that it allows the proper adjustment of the upper (1) and lower (2) closure covers, thereby achieving a hermetic closure thereof. Additionally, the frame has a step (5) on which the intermediate cover (3) rests.
    [0070] Also, as can be seen in said figures, on the horizontal surface of the step (5) some threaded holes have been made that allow to house some headless screws (6) for Allen keys and some threaded holes (7) that allow to be fixed by means of screws (8) the intermediate cover (3) of the assembly. The upper cover (1) and lower cover (2) are fixed to the frame (4) by means of some headless screws (6) that are through for the intermediate cover (3), and by means of those headless screws (6) the lower cover (2) and upper cover (1) together with some nuts (9) allow the closing of the upper (1) and lower (2) covers on the frame (4). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as can be seen in Figure 1, the preferred number of headless screws (6) is six, and the threaded holes (7) are six.
    [0072] Figure 2 shows the partially assembled machine. The covered flat specimens (11) are positioned in openings or windows (10) made in the intermediate cover (3). These flat test tubes (11) have a non-stick coated side, this side is exposed to the product that is introduced into the machine. These windows (10) have been machined generating a seat (100) on the intermediate cover (3) to allow the specimens (11) to be accommodated and to fit them, in this way they have this seat (100) that allows the fittings to be fitted. test tubes (11) coated. The height of the seat (100) is slightly less than the thickness of the sheet of the test piece (11) and, therefore, this protrudes slightly over the intermediate cover (3) and is thus in turn fixed by the upper cover ( 1) as a closure. In a embodiment of the invention, the number of windows (10) is four.
    [0074] In figure 3 you can see the set completely closed and assembled. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the machine for measuring the force and work of detachment of the flat specimens (11) with non-stick coating made up of a series of elements comprising a whisk (4), a lower cover (2), a upper cover 1) and an intermediate cover (3) with windows (10) on which the test pieces (11) with their non-stick coated plates will be placed.
    [0076] The aim of the device is to simulate the conditions for the formation of foam, bakery dough or any type of product that generates high adhesion in the mold that forms it. For this, the product is manufactured externally and poured into the internal area of the machine closed by a lid, preferably the upper one (1). For this reason, the frame (4) is initially available with the intermediate cover (3) and upper cover (1) assembled and with the test tubes (11) housed in the intermediate cover (3). The product is then poured into the machine. Immediately afterwards, the lower cover (2) is closed.
    [0078] Once the assembly is closed, the test tubes (11) housed in the windows (10) of the intermediate cover (3) are exposed to the product that has been introduced into the machine. Once the product has expanded or cured and a set time has elapsed, the upper lid (1) is opened. By means of a suitable device, the assembly is transferred to a device equipped with a dynamometric head that determines the force and work of detachment of the non-stick coated flat sheet specimens (11) arranged in the machine.
    [0080] The sequence of work on the device is shown in the scheme of figure 4. The sequence can be described in the following stages:
    [0082] I) open and disassembled machine;
    [0083] II) positioning of the intermediate cover (3) on the frame (4) and placement of the specimens (11), which in this case of a preferred embodiment are four;
    [0084] III) closing the upper cover (1) of the machine;
    [0085] IV) inversion of the position of the machine and pouring of the product;
    [0086] V) closing the lower cover (2) and waiting for the expansion and curing time; VI) new investment and opening of the upper cover (1) of the assembly and realization of the detachment test of the specimens (11).
    [0088] In a specific embodiment, according to figures 1-4, the machine to measure the take-off force and work is formed by a frame (4), built with 4 aluminum plates of the 5000 series from 10 to 20 mm thick for a height between 80 to 150 mm. The outer dimensions of the frame (4) are from 200 to 450 mm, both in length and width. An intermediate cover (3) is fixed on the frame (4) in which four windows (10) of 40x40 to 80x80 mm are made and which has a recess to house some coated specimens (11). The intermediate cover (3) with windows is made of 5000 series aluminum and has a thickness between 4 to 8 mm and dimensions between 190 to 440 mm. In this cover, 6 through holes of 0 8 mm and 6 holes threaded to M6 are drilled to be able to be fixed to the frame. Similarly, both the upper cover (1) and the lower plate (2) are made of 5000 series aluminum and have a thickness between 4 to 8 mm and dimensions between 190 to 440 mm. These covers have 6 M6 threaded holes to be able to fix the mentioned plates to the frame (4) of the machine.
    [0090] Figures 5 and 6 show another embodiment of the invention, which comprises all the above elements, and where it additionally has the possibility of regulating the temperature inside the mold. For this, the machine additionally comprises a plurality of electrical resistances (12), preferably prismatic, fixed to the walls of the frame (4) by means of screws, being joined together by means of fixing elements (120) such as staples or clamping pliers. . The temperature of the mold is governed with a thermocouple (13) connected to a temperature controller (14). The thermocouple (13) is fixed in a through coupling (201) made in a central point of the lower cover (2), in which the through coupling is closed when it is free, and which is enabled to allow the thermocouple to fit ( 13). The temperature controller (14) activates the operation of the resistors (12) until reaching the target temperature. The activation of the electrical resistances (12) can be organized before or during the process of generating the foam or mass inside the machine as required for each test.
    [0092] Figures 7 and 8 show another embodiment of the invention in which a pressure is generated inside the mold. In this embodiment, in addition to the lower closing cap (2) with the through coupling (201), there is a floating cap (15) located between the lower cover (2) and the intermediate cover (3). This floating cover (15) moves through the walls of the frame (4) of the mold, and is designed in such a way as to ensure the tightness of the area under pressure. This floating lid (15) performs the pushing effect on the foam or dough that is in the molding. The lower closing cover (2) is connected by means of the through coupling (201) to a pressure generating device (16) that includes a pressure regulation valve and a pressure gauge that allows to regulate the pressure between the lower cover (2) closure and the floating cover (15).
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. Machine for testing specimens whose surface has a non-stick coating, in which the machine comprises a frame (4) in the form of a closed rectangular prism, an upper cover (1) and a lower cover (2) that perform the closure upper and lower frame (4), for which in the upper and lower frame (4) it makes a recess in such a way that the upper (1) and lower (2) covers fit the contour of the frame (4); and that it is characterized in that it also comprises an intermediate cover (3) that has at least one window (10) made in its body and configured to house a test piece (11) of flat sheet with non-stick coating; where the frame (4) internally has a step (5) on which the intermediate cover (3) rests; where on the horizontal surface of the step (5) a plurality of threaded holes (7) are made that allow to house some headless screws (6) that, being through the intermediate cover (3), fix the upper cover (1) and the cover bottom (2) to the frame (4), and where the threaded holes (7) allow the intermediate cover (3) to be fixed to the step (5) by means of screws (8).
    [2]
    2. Machine for testing specimens whose surface has a non-stick coating, according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate cover (3) with the specimens (11) is sealed with the upper cover (1) by screwing (9 ).
    [3]
    3. Machine for testing specimens whose surface has a non-stick coating, according to claim 1, characterized in that the windows (10) of the intermediate cover (3) are machined generating a seat (100) in which they are housed and adjust the specimens (11).
    [4]
    4. Machine for testing specimens whose surface has a non-stick coating, according to claim 3, characterized in that the height of the seat (100) is less than the thickness of the sheet of the specimen (11).
    [5]
    5. Machine for testing specimens whose surface has a non-stick coating, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of electrical resistances (12) fixed to the walls of the frame (4) by means of screws, being joined together by means of fixing elements (120), and which are connected to a temperature controller (14).
    [6]
    6. Machine for testing specimens whose surface has a non-stick coating, according to claim 1, characterized in that a through coupling (201) is available at a central point of the lower cover (2).
    [7]
    7. Machine for testing specimens whose surface has a non-stick coating, according to claims 1, 5 and 6, characterized in that it comprises a thermocouple (13) that is fixed to the lower cover (2) by means of the through coupling (201) and in turn is connected to a temperature controller (14).
    [8]
    8. Machine for testing specimens whose surface has a non-stick coating, according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that internally it has a floating lid (15) located between the lower lid (2) and the intermediate lid (3 ), and where in the lower cover (2) a pressure generating device (16) is connected by means of the through coupling (201) between the lower cover (2) and the floating cover (15).
    [9]
    9. Machine for testing specimens whose surface has a non-stick coating, according to claims 8, characterized in that the pressure generating device (16) comprises a pressure regulating valve and a pressure gauge.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2842025R2|2021-09-22|
    WO2020012056A3|2020-03-05|
    WO2020012056A2|2020-01-16|
    引用文献:
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    GB1528918A|1974-12-17|1978-10-18|Nat Res Dev|Device for use in the testing of fluid samples on microscope slides|
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    CN202351231U|2011-12-22|2012-07-25|武汉迪赛高科技研究发展有限公司|Polishing coating anti-stickiness tester of carton|
    CN107957370B|2017-11-16|2019-11-29|南通耀华建设工程质量检测有限公司|A kind of tensile propcrties measurement test fixture and method|
    法律状态:
    2021-07-12| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2842025 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20210712 |
    2021-09-22| EC2A| Search report published|Ref document number: 2842025 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: R2 Effective date: 20210915 |
    2022-01-13| FA2A| Application withdrawn|Effective date: 20220107 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201830700|2018-07-12|
    PCT/ES2019/070490|WO2020012056A2|2018-07-12|2019-07-12|Machine for testing specimens having a surface with a non-stick coating|
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